過去分詞的五種用法
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2025-08-20 | 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載和整理
過去分詞是分詞的一種，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般是由動(dòng)詞加ed構(gòu)成。用法有：1、過去分詞作表語(yǔ)；2、過去分詞作定語(yǔ)；3、過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)；4、過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；5、with+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
過去分詞作表語(yǔ)過去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語(yǔ),主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。
過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,-ing形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行.有些動(dòng)詞如interest,bore,worry,surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用-ing形式來修飾物.
(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣。
過去分詞作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ),既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ),只表完成。
1.過去分詞用作定語(yǔ),如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況.
2.過去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔,多用于書面語(yǔ)中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功.
3.過去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ),前后常有逗號(hào)。
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人.
4.用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān).
The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。
過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作。
(1)Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!因?yàn)閷懙么颐?這篇文章不是很好。
written為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫。值得注意的是,有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng)。樣的過去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見的有: lost(迷路);seated(坐); hidden(躲);stationed (駐扎);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressed in(穿著);tired of(厭煩).
(2)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音.
2.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。
(1)Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題.(given為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ)I,即I被再給一個(gè)小時(shí).)
(2)_Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表"被看",由語(yǔ)境可知,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是城市,而不是"我們",因?yàn)?我們"應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。)
如果過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面再加邏輯主語(yǔ),主句的主語(yǔ)就不再是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).
(1)The signal given, the bus started.信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車就開動(dòng)了.(the signal是given的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)the bus就不是given的邏輯主語(yǔ).
(2) Her head held high, she went by.她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去.(her head是held high的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)she就不再是held high的邏輯主語(yǔ).)
3.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來源于狀語(yǔ)從句.
(1)Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了.(caught in a heavy rain為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),它來源于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快.( grown in rich soil為過去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ),它來源于條件狀語(yǔ)從句If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
狀語(yǔ)從句改成過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成"連詞+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ).
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定.
4.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ),后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開.
He stood there silently, moved to tears.=Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.
過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類:
1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.如:see, watch, observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等.
(1)I heard the song sung in English.我聽到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過這首歌.(過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作heard)
(2)He found his hometown greatly changed.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大.(過去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作found)
2.表示"致使"意義的動(dòng)詞.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。
(1)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理發(fā).
(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。
(3)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
(二)使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。
1.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。
He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了)
2.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了.(自己的經(jīng)歷)
"with +賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間,方式,條件,原因等狀語(yǔ).
(1)The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)
(2)With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)
(3)With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他.
(5)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒.