英語直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換方法

發(fā)布時間：2025-10-30 | 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載和整理

引述別人的話時,一般采用兩種方式：

一是引用別人的原話,把它放在引號內(nèi),稱為直接引語;二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi),稱為間接引語.間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個賓語從句.直接引語變成間接引語時,要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序等.　

1.直接引語是陳述句,變成間接引語時,由連詞that引導(dǎo).例如：　　Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytobewithyou.”→Shesaid(that)shewasveryhappytobewithme.　　Hesaid,“Iwillchooseabookformystudents.”→Hesaid(that)hewouldchooseabookforhisstudents.　　2.直接引語是一般疑問句時,變成間接引語,由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo).例如：　　Heaskedme,“DoyoulikewatchingTV?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.　　Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?”→Heaskedmewhether/ifIwassuremymotherwouldcome.　　注意：大多數(shù)情況下,if和whether在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以互換,但后緊跟ornot時,一般只用whether.例如：　　Sheaskedmewhetherornothecoulddothework./Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddotheworkornot.　　3.直接引語是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語時,由相應(yīng)的連接詞who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where等引導(dǎo).例如：　　Heasked:“Whereareyoutogetoff,John?”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.　　Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyouliketheplay?”→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedtheplay.　　Tomaskedme,“Whoistheboyoverthere?”→Tomaskedme,“Whowastheboyoverthere?”　　4.直接引語是祈使句,其間接引語由主語+動詞ask(委婉語氣),tell(一般語氣),order(命令語氣)或warn,advise等+復(fù)合賓語(名/代詞+動詞不定式)構(gòu)成.如：　　Hesaid,“Plea***ehereagaintomorrow.”→Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday.　　“Becarefulwiththedog.”→Hewarnedmetobecarefulwiththedog.　　5.直接引語變間接引語時,如果引述動詞為過去式,需注意時態(tài)的變化：如：　　1)Bettysaid,“Linglingissingingintheclassroomnow.”現(xiàn)在進行時→　　BettysaidLinglingwassingingintheclassroomthen.-過去進行時　　2)Hesaid,“IwillgotoLondonnextweek.”一般將來時→　　HesaidhewouldgotoLondonnextweek.過去將來時　　3)Mymothersaid,“Ihavealreadycleanedthehouse.”現(xiàn)在完成時→　　Mymothersaidshehadalreadycleanedthehouse.過去完成時　　注意:　　1.直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等,主句盡管是過去時態(tài),變成間接引語時,時態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài).例如：　　Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.　　2.直接引語變間接引語時,指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、動詞等要作相應(yīng)的變化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→therecome→go等.例如：　　Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenthemtoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenthemthatday.　　但是,如果轉(zhuǎn)述時對話人雙方就在原來的地方,或在說話的當(dāng)天,就不必改變相應(yīng)的時間狀語、地點狀語等.總之,對這些變化不能機械理解,應(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況來決定所作的變化.　　3.間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序,即主、謂、賓的順序.