美國語文讀本的作者簡介

發(fā)布時間：2025-11-22 | 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載和整理

威廉·H·麥加菲，美國著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州，1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中，他曾擔(dān)任過邁阿密大學(xué)語言學(xué)教授，俄亥俄大學(xué)校長。自1845年開始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系。早在19世紀(jì)初期，麥加菲就意識到，應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲***的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦，開始為孩子們編寫系列教材。這套教材共7冊，從學(xué)齡前至第6年級。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時間才完成全套教材的編寫。這套教材面世后就被美國很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷量高達(dá)1.22億，直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方，被美國《出版周刊》評為“人類出版史上第三大暢銷書”，對美國青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無前例的影響。WilliamHolmesMcGuffey(September23,1800–May4,1873)wasanAmericanprofessorandcollegepresidentwhoi***estknownforwritingtheMcGuffeyReaders,oneofthenation'sfirstandmostwidelyusedseriesoftextbooks.Itisestimatedthatatleast122millioncopiesofMcGuffeyReadersweresoldbetween1836and1960,placingitssalesinacategorywiththeBibleandWebster'sDictionary.Hewa***ornthesonofAlexanderandAnna(Holmes)McGuffeynearClaysvilleinWashingtonCounty,Pennsylvania,whichis45milessouthwestofPitt***urgh.In1802theMcGuffeyfamilymovedfurtheroutintothefrontieratTuscarawasCounty,Ohio.Heattendedcountryschool,andafterreceivingspecialinstructionatYoungstown,heattendedGreer***urgAcademyinDarlington,Pennsylvania.Afterwards,heattendedandgraduatedfromPennsylvania'sWashingtonCollege,wherehebecameaninstructor.HewasclosefriendswithWashingtonCollege'sPresidentAndrewWylieandlivedinWylie'shouseforatime;theyoftenwouldwalkthe3milestoWashingtonCollegetogether.McGuffey'shouseinOxfordMcGuffeyleftWashingtonCollegein1826tobecomeaprofessoratMiamiUniversityinOxford,Ohio.Ayearlaterin1827,hewasmarriedtoHarrietSpinningofDayton,Ohio,withwhomhehadfivechildren.In1829,hewasordainedatBethelChape***ministerinthePre***yterianChurch.ItwasinOxfordthathecreatedthemostimportantcontributionofhislife:TheMcGuffeyReaders.Hi***ookssoldover122millioncopies.Hewasveryfondofteachingandchildrenashegearedthebookstowardayoungeraudience.In1836,heleftMiamitobecomepresidentofCincinnatiCollege,wherehealsoservedasadistinguishedteacherandlecturer.HeleftCincinnatiin1839tobecomethe4thpresidentofOhioUniversity,whichheleftin1843tobecomepresidentofWoodwardCollege(reallyasecondaryschool)inCincinnati.In1845,McGuffeymovedtoCharlottesville,VirginiawherehebecameProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofVirginia.AyearafterhisfirstwifeHarrietdiedin1850,hemarriedMissLauraHoward,daughterofDeanHowardoftheUniversityofVirginia,in1851.McGuffeyi***uriedintheuniversityburialground,inCharlottesville,Virginia.TheSchoolofEducationatMiamiUniversityishousedinMcGuffeyHallwhichisnamedforhimandhishomeinOxfordisaNationalHistoricLandmarkofferingtoursonweekdays.