關(guān)于非謂語動詞的問題
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2025-09-18 | 來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載和整理
說明:1.動詞不定式作主語,2.動詞不定式作表語,3.動詞不定式作賓語,4.動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,5.動詞不定式作定語,6.動詞不定式作目的狀語,7.動詞不定式作真正主語,it代替動詞不定式,作形式主語。8.帶有連接代詞的動詞不定式作賓語,9.不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
掌握動詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:
1.“to”是不定式符號還是介詞,下列短語中的to都是介詞。
agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,
equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto
2.帶to還是不帶to
Ihavenochoicebuttogivein
Icannotdoanythingbutgivein
Isawhimentertheclassroom.
(但是:Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.)
3.動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of.
It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.
It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.
與of連用的形容詞有:
good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible
4.后接不定式作賓語的動詞有:
want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.
需要賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不能用動詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語,而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而說Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.
5.不定式的省略。下列短語中如果意義明確,常常省略到to。
wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,o
ughtto,needto,usedto,beableto
6.不定式作定語,應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系:
1)動賓關(guān)系:
Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.
Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.
Heislookingforaroomtolive
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Hehasnomoneyandnoplace
tolive(in).
Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.
Thereisnotimetothink(about).
2)主謂關(guān)系:
Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.
----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(邏輯主語是I)
-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(邏輯主語不是I)
7.不定式作狀語,可以有以下幾種意義:
1)原因
Heisluckytogethereontime.
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有:
happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy
2)目的
Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.
3)結(jié)果
Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.
Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
8.不定式作補(bǔ)足語
Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.
能跟不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:
see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice
注:當(dāng)這些詞為被動式時(shí),不定式要帶to,如:
Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.
二.動名詞
LearningEnglishisverydifficult.
學(xué)英語非常困難。
Hisjobisdrivingabus.
他的工作是開車。
Ienjoydancing.
我喜歡跳舞。
Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.
我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。
Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.
吃點(diǎn)安眠藥你很快就會入睡。
注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):
1.There’snotellingwhatwillhappen.
=It’simpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.
=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.
2.It’snousetalkingwithhim.
It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.
3.There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…
在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下單詞替換:
trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime
注意以下幾個問題:
1.下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別,
forgettodo…忘記要做某事
forgetdoing…忘記做了某事
remembertodo…記住要做某事
rememberdoing…記著做了某事
meantodo…有意要做某事
meandoing…意味著做了某事
regrettodo…對要做的事表示后悔
regretdoing…對做過去的事后悔
can’thelptodo…不能幫助做某事
can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事
trytodo…盡力去做某事
trydoing試著做某事
learntodo…學(xué)著去做某事
learndoing…學(xué)會做某事
stoptodo…停下來去做(另一件事)
stopdoing…停止做某事
goontodo…接著做(另外一件事)
goondoing…繼續(xù)做某事
usedtodo…過去做某事
beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣做某事
2.動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別
動名詞作定語表達(dá)n+fordoing的含義
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá)n+which(who)bedoing的含義
如:asleepingcar=acarforsleeping
arunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning
前者是動名詞,后者是現(xiàn)在分詞
又如:drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy
3.動名詞的邏輯主語:
動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。
例如:Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.
4.動名詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)
5.動名詞主動形式表被動的情況:
needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoing
例如:Thisroomneedspainting.這個房間需要粉刷。
6.只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞:
admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,taketo,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can’thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,giveup,include,
三.分詞
1Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.
這個故事有興趣,我對這個故事感興趣。
2.Thisisamovingfilm.
這是一部動人的電影。
3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.
秘書工作到深夜,為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長篇演講稿。
4.Givenmoretime,I’lldoitwell.
如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我會做的更好。
Whenhepassedthebackofthestreet,hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.
當(dāng)他后街時(shí)看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。
應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:
1.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別
DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?
=DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom?
Thesoldierwoundedinthewarha***ecomeadoctor.
=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarha***ecomeadoctor.
ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.
2.分詞作表語
Thenewssoundsencouraging.
Theygotveryexcited.
1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別:
Thenewsisinteresting.
Heisinterestedinthenews.
doing作表語,主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系;done作表語,主語與表語是動賓關(guān)系。
2)表語與被動式的區(qū)別:
Theblackboardwa***rokenbyXiaoMing.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)
Theblackboardi***roken.You’dbetterhaveitrepaired.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))
3)常作表語的過去分詞:
amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done
3.現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(表語)
Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.(動名詞)
能回答how-question的是現(xiàn)在分詞,能回答what-question的動名詞,即不能回答how-question也不能回答what-question的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如:Howisthesituationinourcountry?Itisencouraging.
Whatisyourjob?Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.
4.注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu):
havesomethingtodo有某事要做
havesomethingdone使某事被做
havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事
havesomethingdoing讓某事一直做著
5.需要跟反身代詞作賓語的動詞:
seat,prepare,hide,dress
如:Iseatedmyselfonthechair.
Iwasseatedonthechair.
6.分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別:
分詞做狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等;而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。
Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.(時(shí)間)
BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.(原因)
Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.(條件)
Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.(伴隨)
Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.(目的)
Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.(結(jié)果)
7.分詞、動名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別
arunninghorse現(xiàn)在分詞=ahorsethatisrunning
afallenleaf過去分詞=aleafthathasalreadyfallen
awalkingstick動名詞=astickforwalking
somethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo
8.不定式被動式、分詞的被動式和過去分詞的區(qū)別:
Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.(將來)
ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.(正在進(jìn)行)
Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.(過去)
9.分詞做狀語需要注意的一個問題:
分詞與句子主語的邏輯關(guān)系
Seeingfromthehill,thecitylook***eautiful.(錯誤)
Seenfromthehill,thecitylook***eautiful.(正確)
Seeing與thecity不是主謂關(guān)系;seen與city是動賓關(guān)系
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