初二下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2025-11-06 | 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載和整理

1、賓語(yǔ)從句：

如果一個(gè)句子作為動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)從句.

（1）如果一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句作某個(gè)動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),一定要用其陳述的語(yǔ)序.如：theyoftenaskhimwhereheisfrom..不能說(shuō)成：theyoftenaskhimwhereishefrom.

（2）某些特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)可以簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)成“特殊疑問(wèn)句+todo”的形式.例如：iamthinkingaboutwhattosaywhatishouldsay.>我正在考慮我該說(shuō)點(diǎn)兒什么.

練習(xí)：

一,選擇題；

()1,thanksalotfor---------meaboutit.a.totellb.tellc.tellingd.told

()2.bestwishes-------yourbirthday.a.forb.toc.ond.in

()3.inengland,peopleusuallycalljamesjim-------.a.shortly

b.forshortc.easyd.easily

()4.motherwithherthreechildren-----------goingshopping.

a.areb.isc.willd.were

()5.march8this-----------.a.thewomensdayb.thewomansday

c.womensdayd.womenday

二,改錯(cuò)題：

（）1.everyherelikeenglishverymuch.

abcd

()2.mrwuisgoingtowantmetogiveatalk.

abcd

()3.inengland,younevercantputtheirfamilynamefirst.

abcd

()4.idontknowwhydopeoplecallmejim.

abcd

()5.idliketobuysomethingformrwuinteachersday.

abcd

三、單項(xiàng)選擇：

（）1.bestwishes---------teachersday.a.tob.forc.ofd.with

()2.thankyouforenglishfun.a.makeb.tomakec.makesd.making

()3.inengland,peopleneverusethefirstnametheirfamilyname.

a.before.b.infrontofc.withd.after

()4.theteacherdidntteachusinthelastlesson.

a.newanythingb,newsomethingc.anythingnewd.somethingnew

()5.everyoneishere.nobodyis-----------

a.notawayb,awayc.notoutd.go

()6.hisfriendscalljimshort.a.he,forb.him,forc.him,ind.her,for

()7.wouldyouliketogiveusa-----------?

a.talkingb.talkc.totalkd.talks

()8.cometomyofficeafterschool,tom.letsatalkaboutyour

lessons.

()9.----hi,tom.howisyourfather?-----oh,----------------

a.heisnottallb.hedoesntfeelwellc.heisoldd.heisateacher

()10.davidwilliamlewisiscalledwhenwemeethimfor

thefirsttime.

a.daveb.davidc.mrlewisd.mrwillian

()11.roberthoma***rowismyverygoodfriend,soiusuallycall

him-------

a.mrbrownb.roberbrowmc.bobd.mrrobert

()12.somethingaboutyourfamily,ok?

a.sayb.tellc.speakd.talk

()13.youcancallmebob,youshouldnevercallmemrbob.

a.butb.orc.andd./

()14.inchina,thefirstnameisname.thatsdifferentenglishname.

a.family,withb.given,fromc.family,fromd.given,with

()15,imverygladthenews.

a.hearb.tohearc.listendlistening

()16.whatabouttothegreatwallhotel?

a.gob.togoc.goesd.goin語(yǔ)法:

2.一般將來(lái)時(shí):begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)的用法:

(1)用begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形表示”將要發(fā)生的事情或主觀上打算,計(jì)劃,決定要做的事.其后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常為表示短期或近期含義的短語(yǔ)或表示固定時(shí)間的從句.如:tomorrowmorning,/tomorrowafternoon/tomorrowevening,nextmonth/nextweek/nextyear/nextsaturday,thisweek/year/afternoon/saturday.或者whenyougrowup---------?等等

(2)begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)中,be是助動(dòng)詞,要按句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化而變化.其后要接動(dòng)詞的原形.該句的否定式是在be后面加not,其疑問(wèn)式將be提到句首.如:sheisgoingtohelphermothercleanthehousethissunday./wearegoingtowatchtvtomorrowevening./aretheygoingtohaveasportsmeetingnextmonth.?/thereisgoingtobe

anenglishcalltomorrowafternoon..

(3),在英語(yǔ)中,表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞,如:come,go,fly,drive,leave,stay,等,可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事,不必用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu).如:sheisflyingtonanjingherself.明天她一個(gè)人飛往南京.areyoudrivinghome?你開(kāi)車(chē)回家嗎?

練習(xí)：

單項(xiàng)選擇題：

（）1.whatareyougoingtodofridayevening?a.inb.onc.atd.of

()2.doyouhavetodoeveryday?

a..muchworkb.manyworkc.muchworksd.manyworks

()3.whataboutmeatforsupper?

a.tobuysomeb.tobuyanyc.buyingsomed.buyingany

()4.annherhairthissaturday.

a.washb.washesc.towashd.isgoingtowash

()5.myschoolisnear.ilikewalkingthere.

a.toob.quitec.quietd.so

()6.thesenewshoesarefor.

a.youandib.iandyouc.youandmed.meandyou

()7.wouldyoulikeboating?

a.gob.togoc.goingd.togoto

()8.whynottherebybus?

a.togob.goesc.god.going

()9.areyoufreenextsaturday?------------------.

a.sureb.ithinksoc.nothingmuchd.why

()10.isliminggoodsinging?

a.atb.inc.ond.for

()11.ihavesomebooks.

a.readb.readingc.toreadd.toreading

()12.a.reyougoingtostayatschoolonmayday?no,imnot..

a.imgoingtohomeb.imhomec.imgoinghomed.igotohome

()13.katehasgoodfriendsatschool.

a.aquitelotofb,quitealotofc.quitealotd.aquiteof

()14.itsfivemilesthefarmthebusstop.

a.from,tob.to,fromc.from,withd.from,by

()15.ourteacherlikesusenglishinthemorning.

a.toreadb.readingc.readd.reads

()16.theyaregoingtoplayfootballnextfriday.

a.onb./c.ind.at

()17.letsnow.

a.goingtotheparkb.toplaygamesc.aresingingd.havearest

3.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：

(1)表示兩者之間的比較時(shí)用比較級(jí),常用于“比較級(jí)+than”結(jié)構(gòu).如：

thi***oxisheavierthanthatone.這個(gè)盒子比那個(gè)重.

heismuchtallerthaniam>,口語(yǔ)一般用me>.他比我高很多.通常可用much,alittle,alot,still,even等詞修飾比較級(jí).還可以用“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)表示確定的度量,來(lái)修飾比較級(jí).如：

iamtenyearsolderthanmylittlebrother.我比我的小弟弟大了十歲.

(2)表示三者或三者以上的比較時(shí)用最高級(jí),常用于“最-----“.

最高級(jí)的前面一般要加定冠詞the,后面可帶of短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍.如：theonewithnutsisthenicestofall.里面夾果仁的月餅是所有月餅中最好吃的.lileiisthebestatenglishinhisclass.李雷在他們班英語(yǔ)學(xué)得最好.

另外最高級(jí)還可以被序數(shù)詞所修飾.如：

theyellowriveristhesecondlongestinchina.黃河是中國(guó)第二大長(zhǎng)河.

一,根據(jù)句意填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~：

1,theyarehavingteatheopenair.

2,thankyouverymuchyourhelp.

3,wouldyouliketocomesupper?

4,wuxiaistheatchineseinherclass.

5,thisisabookmanycolourpicture

6,ourclassroomisclean.itiscleaneryours.

7,thi***ottleisempty.mayihaveaone?

8,whatisthewithyourpen?iti***roken.

9,isthethirdseasonofayear.

二,句子改寫(xiě)：

malilisrulerislongerthankates.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句)

——malilisruler____,_____kates?

2,jim***oxistheheaviestofall.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?

jim***ox_____theheaviestofall.

3,theblackbagistheoldestofthefour.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))

__________istheoldestofthefour?

4,lileiisthirteen.zhanghongistwelve.(連成一句)

lileiisoneyear_________zhanghong.

5,tomisthetallestboyintheclass.(同義句改寫(xiě))

tomis____than_________boyintheclass.

6,hewatchestveveryevning.(用thisevening替換everyevening)

he_____________________tvthisevening.

三,用所給的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1,ihavenothing_____(do)today.

2,islucyrunning_____(slow)thanlili?

3,whatkindof_____(duck)areyoufeedingnow?

4,hishobbyis____(is)anartist.

5,whichdoyouthinkis______(beauty),thecityorthecountry?

6canyouhearsomething_______(sing)inthenextroom?

7,stop_____(play).nowletshaveourlesson.

8what_____(grow)onthisfarm?

9,nowmybrotherislearningmoreabout______(draw).

10,ridingabikeismuch______(easy).

四,根據(jù)句意填上一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使句子通順,語(yǔ)法正確：

1,doyouallagree____her?2,thecorn_____slowly.

3,ipickmorepearsthanhe_____.4,why____comewithus?

5,which____faster,ataxiorabus?6,todayshe____tostayat

home.7,mylittledogishungry.imust_____it.

8,mymotherlikes____mesomestoriesatweekend.

9,whatareyougoingtodoafteryou_____school?

10,ithinkthetreesinshenyangismuchfewerthan____indalia.五,句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

1,pleasewalkguickly,oryouwillmissthetrain.

_________________walkguickly,youwillmissthetrain.

2,doyouhavetimethisweekend?____you___thisweekend?

3,letshavearest?____________arest?________havearest.

4,whichisthewaytothestation,please?

___________thestation,please?

5,idontknow.ihave___________.

6,thepostofficeisnotinsidethestation.

thepostofficeis______thestation.

7,jimsitsinfrontofbill.billsits_____jim.

8,todaysomecountriesdontuseanimalstodofarmworkanymore.todaysomecountries_________useanimalstodofarm

work.

9,thispenischeaperthananyotheroneintheshop.

thispenis___________intheshop.

五,動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1．listen!who______(sing)intheclassroom?

2,mayi_____(come)in?imsorryimlate.

it_____(not,matter).comein,please.

3.jimusually____(do)hishomeworkatschool,buthe______

(do)itathomenow.

4,we____(see)unclewangtomorrow.wouldyoulike______

(go)withus?5,whynot______(go)boating?

6.whatabout_______(go)onapicnic?

4．提建議的表達(dá)方法：

ⅰ、shalli/wedo(動(dòng)詞原形)------?表示“我/我們-----好嗎?”例：shallwegotothezoo?我們?nèi)?dòng)物園好嗎?

ⅱ、letsdo(動(dòng)詞原形)------.表示“讓我們做-----吧”

例：letsmakeithalfpastone.讓我們定在一點(diǎn)半吧.

iii、whynotdo(動(dòng)詞原形)------表示“為什么不做-----呢?”

例：whynotgivehersomeflowers?為什么不送給她一些花呢?

5．怎樣“表示需要”、“詢(xún)問(wèn)方向”和“指點(diǎn)方向”

i．表示需要：1.heneedssomehelp.2.youneedanumber16bus.

3.whichnumberdoineed?

ii.怎樣“問(wèn)路（詢(xún)問(wèn)方向）”：

1.excuseme.whichisthewaytothepostoffice?

2.excuseme.can(could)youtellmethewaytothepark?

3.excuseme.can(could)youshowmethewaytothebookshop?

4.excuseme.doyouknowthewaytothebank?

5.excuseme.howcanigettothefarm?

6.excuseme.can(could)youtellmehowicangettothehospital?

7.excuseme,can(could)youtellmewherethetheatreis?

8.excuseme.whereisthenearesthospital,please?

iii.怎樣“指點(diǎn)道路”（指點(diǎn)方向）：

1、itsoverthereontheright/left.

2、itsnextto/infrontof/behind/outsidetheschool.

3、walkalong/dodownthisroad.

4、takethefirstturningontheleft/right.==turnleft/rightatthe

firstturning.

5、tsabouttwohundredmetresalongontheleft/right.

6、tsaboutfivekilometersaway.

a)itsabouttenminutes‘walkfromhere.

b)thenearestisaboutthreekilometersaway.youneedano.1bus.

c)takeano.3busontherightandgetoffatthesixthstop.

6.序數(shù)詞的用法：表示事物的順序叫序數(shù)詞.序數(shù)詞往往與定冠詞the連用.

（1）,1----3,沒(méi)有規(guī)律,要逐個(gè)記憶.

onefirst;twosecond;threethird;

(2).4-----12.有規(guī)律,其中four,six,seven,ten,eleven是在基數(shù)詞的后面加上th,而fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth是沒(méi)有規(guī)律,要逐個(gè)記憶.

(3).13------20有規(guī)律,是在基數(shù)詞的后面加上th就行.

（4）.第二十至第九十的整十的倍數(shù)都是在基數(shù)詞后將詞尾的-y改為i,再加-eth構(gòu)成的.

（5）,十位以上的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí),把個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可,十位數(shù)不變.第一百、第一千、第一百萬(wàn)都是在基數(shù)詞的后面直接加上-th構(gòu)成.

（6）,序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式是由***數(shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成.

附：基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞的口訣：

基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上th；

一、二、三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d;

八減t,九減e,f來(lái)把ve替；

單詞ty作結(jié)尾,ty變成tie;

若是碰到幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以.

練習(xí)題：

一．聽(tīng)力：20分.（四個(gè)類(lèi)型）略.

二．筆試：80分.

《一》.詞匯：

a．根據(jù)句子的意思及首字母提示,用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：

1．w______backtoschool.2.octobercomesafters_______.

3.therearemanyb______flowersinthepark.

4.e______isthebiggestanimalontheland.

5.walkalongthisroad,andtakethefourtht_____ontheright.

6.shallwemeeto_____theschoolgate?

7.dontswimintheriver.itsd_______.

8.tigersusuallyliveinthef______andthemountains.

9.itsfarfromhere.youhadbetterc_____abus.

d)thankyouallthes______.

e)doyoun____anyhelp,mis***lack?

f)letsmakeithalfpastnine.nop_____.

g)thi***igboxistooh______.icantcarryit.

h)jimoftengoesthew_____way.

i)iamveryt______.shallihavearest?

b.按要求寫(xiě)出下列各詞：

1.busy(比較級(jí))______2.big(最高級(jí))_______3.early(比較級(jí))____4.nice(最高級(jí))______5.beautiful(比較級(jí))___________

6.good(比較級(jí))______7.many(最高級(jí))______8.slowly(比較級(jí))_____9.five(序數(shù)詞)_____10.one(序數(shù)詞)_____11.two(序數(shù)詞)_______12.three(序數(shù)詞)______13.nine(序數(shù)詞)______

14.twelve(序數(shù)詞)_____15.twenty(序數(shù)詞)_____16.swim(現(xiàn)在分詞)_____17.close(形容詞)_____18.friend(形容詞)______

19.wish(復(fù)數(shù))______20.full(反義詞)_____21.before(反義詞)_____22.right(同音詞)_____23.alse(同義詞)______24.free(反義詞)_____25.strong(比較級(jí))______26.foot(復(fù)數(shù))______27.run(名詞)_____28.zoo(復(fù)數(shù))_____29.play(名詞)______30.quick(副詞)______

c.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1．lucyisfeelingmuch______(更好)now.

2．thisturkey________(嘗起來(lái))fine.

2.missliis__________(講)childrenastory.

3.atnight,therearemany______(星星)inthesky.

4.hejumps_______(最高)atthesportsmeeting.

二．選擇填空：20分.略.

三．改寫(xiě)句子：根據(jù)要求完成下列各句：

1.heiswashinghisclothesnow.(用tomorrow改寫(xiě))

heis_____________washhisclothestomorrow.

2.heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.(變?yōu)橥x句)

heis_____________inhisclass.

3.youhadbettergothereonfoot.(改為否定句)

youhad____________gothereonfoot.

4.theyaregoingtoleaveonmonday.(劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))

______________theygoingtoleave?

5.youusuallycometoschoolbybike.(改為否定疑問(wèn)句)

_______youusually______toschoolbybike?

四．口語(yǔ)運(yùn)用：從b欄中找出能與a欄配對(duì)的答語(yǔ)：

ab

()1.whatareyougoingtodonextsunday?a.somebread.

()2.shallwegotothezoo?b.somebread,please.

()3.whenshallwemeet?c.sorry,imbusy.

()4.whataboutaquarterpastten?d.nothingmuch.

()5.whatcanyouseeonthetable/e.ataquarterpastten.

()6.whatwouldyoulike?f.no.letsmakeitalittleearlier.

()7.areyoufreetomorrow?g.ithinkso.

()8.couldyougotherewithmetomorrow?h.goodidea.

()9.whatdoesitsay?i.dontfeedtheanimals.

()10.wouldyouliketogotothecinema?j.yes,idloveto.

五．動(dòng)詞填空：用所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1._______jimusually______(walk)toschool?

2.everyone_____(be)here.lettheteacher______(start)hislesson.

3.ihavemuchhomework________(do)andimustfinish________(do)itfirst.

5.sheusually______(play)footballonsundays,butnowshe_____(swim).

6.what____he_________(do)tomorrow?

六．補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(huà)：

a;excuseme,_____________afruitshopnearhere?

b;iam______i_______know.iamnewhere.youhadbetter______thatpoliceman_______there.

a;thankyou______the_____.

b:excuseme,______thenearestfruitshop,please?

c;sorry,thereisnt.

a:then_____________isthenearestonefromhere?

c:its_______sevenkilometers________.youhadbettercatchabus.

a:whichbusshallitake,please?

c:theno.105bus.itwilltakeyou______there.

a;whereisthebusstop,please?

c:goalongthisroad,andthentakethefirstturningontheright.youcansee______infrontofyou.

a;thankyouverymuch.

c:notatall.

七．看圖完成對(duì)話(huà)：

kate:excuseme!_____cani

_________thenearestmarket,please?

jill:___________thisstreet,and

______thethird______onthe____.

thentakethesecondturningonthe_______.

itsabout_________________alongontheright.

kate:oh,isee.thanksalot.

jill:itsmypleasure.

八．書(shū)面表達(dá)：

根據(jù)要求寫(xiě)一段對(duì)話(huà)：（看圖寫(xiě),不少與50個(gè)詞）

henryisgoingtobuyadictionary.

hedoesntknowthewaytothebookshop.

soheaskssamtogowithhim.

butsamsayshei***usy.heshowshenry

onthemap.lookatthemap,andmakeadialogue.