埃及的英文介紹
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2025-10-28 | 來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載和整理
面積100.145萬平方公里。地跨亞、非兩大洲,西連利比亞,南接蘇丹,東臨紅海并與巴勒斯坦、以色列接壤,北臨地中海。埃及大部分領(lǐng)土位于非洲東北部,只有蘇伊士運(yùn)河以東的西奈半島位于亞洲西南部。埃及有約2900公里的海岸線,但卻是典型的沙漠之國,全境95%為沙漠。世界最長的河流尼羅河從南到北貫穿埃及,被稱為埃及的“生命之河”。尼羅河兩岸形成的狹長河谷和入海處形成的三角洲,是埃及最富饒的地區(qū)。雖然這片地區(qū)僅占國土面積的4%,但卻聚居著全國99%的人口。蘇伊士運(yùn)河扼歐、亞、非三洲交通要沖,溝通紅海和地中海,連接大西洋和印度洋,具有重要戰(zhàn)略意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。主要湖泊有大苦湖和提姆薩赫湖,以及阿斯旺高壩形成的非洲最大的人工湖——納賽爾水庫(5000平方公里)。全境干燥少雨。尼羅河三角洲和北部沿海地區(qū)屬地中海型氣侯,1月平均氣溫12℃,7月26℃;年平均降水量50—200毫米。其余大部分地區(qū)屬熱帶沙漠氣侯,炎熱干燥,沙漠地區(qū)氣溫可達(dá)40℃,年平均降水量不足30毫米。每年4—5月間常有“五旬風(fēng)”,夾帶沙石,使農(nóng)作物受害。
Anareaof1.00145millionsquarekilometers.AcrossAsia,Africaandthetwocontinents,thewestLibya,Sudan,thesoutheast,theRedSea,andwiththePalestinians,theIsraeliborderandnorthtotheMediterraneanSea.EgyptmostoftheterritoryislocatedinnortheasternAfrica,onlytheSuezC***totheeastoftheSinaiPeninsulaislocatedinsouthwesternAsia.Egypt,about2900kilometersofcoastline,butitisatypicaldesertcountry,95percentthroughoutthedesert.Theworld'slongestriverNilethroughEgyptfromsouthtonorth,knownasEgypt'sriveroflife.TheformationofthenarrowNileValleyandintotheseatoformthedelta,isEgypt'smostfertileregions.Althoughthispieceoftheregionaccountedforonly4%oflandarea,butacrossthecountryinhabitedby99%ofthepopulation.BrieftheSuezC***Europe,Asia,Africaandthreecontinentstransportationhub,communication,theRedSeaandtheMediterraneanSea,connectingtheAtlanticandIndianOcean,hasanimportantstrategicandeconomicsignificance.MajorlakeslargeBitterLake,andTimsahLake,aswellastheAswanhighdamformedbyAfrica'slargestartificiallake-LakeNasser(5000squarekilometers).Drydrythroughout.TheNileDeltaandthenortherncoastalareaisaMediterranean-typeclimate,inJanuarytheaveragetemperatureof12℃,7Yue26℃;annualaverageprecipitationis50-200mm.Mostoftheremainingareaisatropicaldesertclimate,hotanddry,desertregionstemperaturescanreach40℃,annualaverageprecipitationislessthan30mm.FromApriltoMayeachyearbetweenthemanycasesofPentecostWind,entrainedsand,sothatcropssuffer.
尼羅河是埃及的生命線,是“埃及的母親”。它是非洲第一長河,也是世界上最長的河流之一,全長6670余千米。它由發(fā)源于烏干達(dá)維多利亞湖的白尼羅河、發(fā)源于埃塞俄比亞高原的青尼羅河,在蘇丹首都喀土穆匯合之后流入埃及。從南到北縱貫埃及東部,在埃及境內(nèi)一段長達(dá)1530千米,確是具有舟楫、灌溉之利的重要的水利資源。世界四大文明古國之一的埃及,就是在尼羅河的哺育下,發(fā)展了其光輝燦爛的古文化。
根據(jù)自然條件的差異,一般把埃及分為4個(gè)地區(qū)——尼羅河流域及尼羅河三角洲地區(qū)、西部沙漠地區(qū)、東部沙漠地區(qū)、西奈半島地區(qū)。開羅以南是寬約3~16千米的尼羅河綠色長廊,一般稱為上埃及。開羅以北稱為下埃及。亞歷山大和塞得港之間是尼羅河三角洲的沖積平原,面積約2萬~4萬平方千米。過去尼羅河每年定期泛濫,給三角洲帶來肥沃的沖積物。這里是埃及古文化的發(fā)祥地,是全國最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)地區(qū),埃及絕大部分人口集中于此,也是世界上人口最密集的地區(qū)之一。
尼羅河以西的西部沙漠又叫利比亞沙漠。它是世界最大的沙漠——撒哈拉沙漠的一部分,約占埃及面積的2/3。它的南部海拔350~500米,大吉勒夫高原海拔1000米左右,中部和北部多洼地,以蓋塔拉洼地面積最大。有地下水的洼地形成綠洲。
尼羅河以東的東部沙漠,亦稱***沙漠。它直逼紅海之濱,地勢由東向西傾斜,紅海沿岸多山,海拔1500米左右。
蘇伊士運(yùn)河以東的西奈半島,位于亞洲的西南部,面積約6.4萬平方千米,占埃及面積的6.38%。地中海沿岸多西奈半島沙丘,北部低地是蒂赫沙漠,多間歇性河流和干涸的河床。東部為高原圣卡特琳山海拔2637米,是埃及的最高山峰,相傳是摩西受“十誡”的地方。
NileisEgypt'slifeline,isthemotherofEgypt.ItisthefirstriverinAfrica,butalsooneoftheworld'slongestriverswithatotallengthofmorethan6670km.ItoriginatedinUganda,LakeVictoriabytheWhiteNile,BlueNileoriginatedintheEthiopianhighlands,intheSudanesecapitalKhartoum,aftermergingintoEgypt.North-southfromsouthtonorthineasternEgypt,inEgyptinaperiodofupto1530kilometers,isindeedaZhouJi,animportantbenefitirrigationwaterresources.Oneoftheworld'sfourmajorancientcivilizationsofEgypt,theNileisnurtured,thedevelopmentofitssplendidancientculture.
AccordingtodifferencesinnaturalconditionsaregenerallypidedintofourregionsofEgypt-theNileBasinandtheNileDeltaregion,thewesterndesertregions,easterndesertregion,theSinaiPeninsula.SouthofCairo,isthewidthof3to16kilometersoftheNilegreencorridor,commonlyknownasUpperEgypt.,NorthofCairo,knownasLowerEgypt.AlexandriaandPortSaidbetweenthealluvialplainoftheNileDelta,anareaofabout20000~40000squarekilometers.Inthepast,theNilefloodeveryyearonaregularbasis,tobringthefertilealluvialdelta.HereisthebirthplaceofancientcultureofEgyptisthecountry'smostimportanteconomicactivitiesintheregion,Egypt,mostofthepopulationisconcentratedhere,butalsotheworld'smostdenselypopulatedregions.
TheNiletothewestofthewesterndesertcalledtheLibyandesert.Itistheworld'slargestdesert-theSaharadesertaspartofEgypt,anareaofapproximately2/3.Itisthesouthelevationof350to500meters,gilfkebirplateauabout1,000metersabovesealevel,centralandnorthernpartsofmanydepressions,inordertocoverthelargestareaofTaradepressions.Groundwaterdepressionstoformanoasis.
Niletotheeastoftheeasterndesert,alsoknownastheArabiandesert.ItisencroachingupontheRedSeacoast,theterrainslopefromeasttowest,theRedSeaalongthemountainous,about1,500metersabovesealevel.
TheSuezC***totheeastoftheSinaiPeninsula,islocatedinsouthwestAsia,anareaofabout64000squarekilometers,accountingfor6.38%ofEgyptarea.MediterraneanMulti-Sinaisanddunes,thenorthernlowlandsisTihdesert,morethanintermittentstreamsanddryriverbeds.EastPlateau,St.CatherineMountain2637metersabovesealevel,isEgypt'shighestmountain,thelegendaryMose***yTenCommandmentsplace.
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